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Gray Wolf ... Though once abundant over much of Eurasia, North Africa and North America, the gray wolf inhabits a reduced portion of its former range due to widespread destruction of its territory, human encroachment, and the resulting human-wolf encounters that sparked broad extirpation. Today, wolves are protected in some areas, hunted for sport in others, or may be subject to population control or extermination as threats to livestock, people, and pets...

Bloat ... Causes Bloat in dogs is likely caused by a multitude of factors, but in all cases the immediate prerequisite is a dysfunction of the sphincter between the esophagus and stomach and an obstruction of outflow through the pylorus,or a clog... Studies have indicated that the risk of bloat in dogs perceived as happy by their owners is decreased, and increased in dogs perceived as fearful... This may be due to the physiological effects of the dog's personality on the function and motility of the gastrointestinal system.; alternatively perhaps the dogs become unhappy/uncomfortable as a consequence of the conditions that lead up to exhibiting bloat...

Black Wolf ... "I suppose that some of the variability exhibited in these wolves could have resulted from crossings in the wild with dogs... Some years ago at Circle, Alaska, a wolf hung around the settlement for some time and some of the dogs were seen with it... The amount of crossing with dogs has probably not been sufficient to alter much the genetic composition of the wolf population." — The Wolves of Mount McKinley by Adolph Murie, 1944, ISBN 0-295-96203-8, 978-0-295-96203-0, 238 pages In 2008, Dr...

Dog ... The earlier specimens not only show shortening of the snout but widening of the muzzle and some crowding of teeth making them clearly domesticated dogs and not wolves... Although mDNA suggest a split between dogs and wolves around 100,000 years ago no specimens predate 33,000 years ago that are clearly morphologically domesticated dog... Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals...

Dog Skin Disorders ... Some of the allergens associated with canine AD include pollens of trees, grasses and weeds, as well as molds and House dust mite. Ear and skin infections with the bacteria Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and the yeast Malassezia pachydermatis are common secondary to canine AD...

Cat Senses ... Many cats have a visual field of view estimated at 200°, versus 180° in humans, with a binocular field (overlap in the images from each eye) narrower than that of humans. As with most predators, their eyes face forward, affording depth perception at the expense of field of view...

Hypoallergenic Dog Breed ... "We think there really are differences in protein production between dogs that may help one patient and not another," Dr... Also, the amount of the allergen can be reduced or eliminated in individual dogs by treatments such as bathing...

Neutering ... Prevention of mammary tumors: Female cats and dogs are about seven times less likely to develop mammary tumors if they are spayed before their first heat cycle... Female dogs that have been spayed before their first heat have a lifetime chance of developing mammary tumors of about 99.5% less than that of intact females... Also, spaying female dogs more than two years before the removal of mammary tumors increases the dog's survival odds by 45%...

Dog Breed ... The American Kennel Club, for instance, allows mixed-breed dogs to be shown but requires these animals to be altered... California Assembly Act AB 1634 was a bill introduced in 2007 that would require all non-working dogs of mixed breed over the age of 6 months to be neutered or spayed... The clear genetic distinction between breeds of dog has made dogs of specific breeds good subjects for genetic and human medical research...

Subspecies Of Canis Lupus ... Canis lupus is assessed as Least Concern by the IUCN, as its relatively widespread range and stable population trend mean that the species, at global level, does not meet, or nearly meet, any of the criteria for the threatened categories. However, some local populations are classified as Endangered, and some subspecies are endangered or extinct...

Purebred ... A puppy from two purebred dogs of the same breed, for example, will exhibit the traits of its parents, and not the traits of all breeds in the subject breed's ancestry...

Cat ... Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with strong, flexible bodies, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. As crepuscular predators, cats use their acute hearing and ability to see in near darkness to locate prey...

Dog Health ... Infectious diseases that affect dogs are important not only from a veterinary standpoint, but also because of the risk to public health; an example of this is rabies... Diseases For a complete list, see List of dog diseases Some diseases and other health problems are common to both humans and dogs; others are unique to dogs and other animals... Dogs are susceptible to various diseases; similarly to humans, they can have diabetes, epilepsy, cancer, or arthritis...

Vaccination Of Dogs ... Currently, there are geographically defined core vaccines and individually chosen non-core vaccine recommendations for dogs...

Wolf Hunting With Dogs ... While any dog, especially a hound used for hunting wolves may be loosely termed a "wolfhound," several dog breeds have been specifically bred for the purpose, some of which, such as the Irish Wolfhound, have the word in their breed name. History and regional differences Irish Wolfhounds In Ireland, Irish wolfhounds were bred as far back as 3 BC...

Overpopulation In Companion Animals ... Recognizing the high demand for purebred animals, some people choose to engage in backyard breeding or operate puppy mills, practices where people breed purebred animals for profit, often without concern for the health or welfare of any of the animals involved. These animals may be sold through pet stores or directly from the breeders themselves...

Dog Anatomy ... All dogs (and all living Canidae) have a ligament connecting the spinous process of their first thoracic (or chest) vertebrae to the back of the axis bone (second cervical or neck bone), which supports the weight of the head without active muscle exertion, thus saving energy... This ligament allows dogs to carry their heads while running long distances, such as while following scent trails with their nose to the ground, without expending much energy...

Breed Registry ... Kennel clubs always maintain registries, either directly or through affiliated dog breed clubs. Some multi-breed clubs also maintain registries, as do non-affiliated breed clubs, and there are a few registries that are maintained by other private entities such as insurance agencies; an example of this in the United States is the Field Dog Stud Book...